The Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background (DSNB) is the collection of neutrinos emitted from all past core-collapse supernovae, and it has yet to be detected experimentally. An observation of the DSNB can probe the star formation history of the universe, the fraction of black hole-forming supernovae, and even novel neutrino physics phenomena. At present, the Super-Kamiokande (SK) water Cherenkov detector is the most sensitive experiment to detect the DSNB.

The upcoming mega-telescopes, such as European Space Agency’s recently launched Euclid satellite, and the upcoming radio Square Kilometer Array (SKA), will provide images of our universe over 10 billion years of cosmic history, and enable us to study its evolution with unprecedented level of detail. In the framework of simulations-based inference, the big telescopes deliver a throve of high-resolution observations and big computers provide the feature-rich numerical theory prediction.

Primordial non-Gaussianities, though yet unobserved, remain an important observable since they can help differentiate various models of inflation. This necessitates a deep understanding of the various processes that could contribute to these non-Gaussianities, with inflationary magnetogenesis being one of them. Often, the spectrum and the bispectrum of the perturbations produced during inflation are studied under the assumption that the metric perturbations can be neglected and that all the relevant physics resides in the coupling of the inflaton and the gauge fields.